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The King of Spain ((スペイン語:Rey de España)), constitutionally referred to as the Crown (''la Corona'') and commonly referred to as the Monarchy of Spain (''Monarquía de España'') or Hispanic Monarchy (''Monarquía Hispánica''),〔These terms are especially popular as synonyms for the Spanish Empire prior to the unification of Spain in the early 18th century.〕 is a constitutional institution and a historic office of Spain. The monarchy comprises the reigning monarch, his or her family, and the royal household organization which supports and facilitates the monarch in the exercise of his royal duties and prerogatives.〔(Título II. De la Corona, Wikisource )〕〔Constitution of Spain 1978, Title II, Article 56, Subsection 2 and amended by Royal Decree 1368/1987, dated 6 th November〕 The Spanish monarchy is represented by King Felipe VI, his wife Queen Letizia, and their daughters Leonor, Princess of Asturias, and Infanta Sofia. Opinion polls routinely reveal that the monarchy remains popular by a wide majority of citizens in contemporary Spain, with as many as 75% of Spanish citizens ranking the monarchy above any other public institution in the country. During the 2014 succession of Felipe VI as king, opinions revealed that 72% of Spanish citizens believed the monarchy was an important factor for political stability in Spain. Nevertheless, public support for the institution itself eroded or became indifferent in the wake of scandals emerging since 2008,〔Strident public criticism of the monarchy emerged after Queen Sofia gave her opinions on gay marriage in a 2008 biography, followed by money laundering scandals touching on Juan Carlos' son-in-law Iñaki Urdangarín, and Juan Carlos' perceived by the public as out-of-step with the economic hardships facing many Spaniards in the wake of the financial crisis gripping the country, controversies not touching on the more popular Felipe VI〕 prompting the transition of the monarchy from Juan Carlos to the assiduous Felipe VI. Polls show that 37% of Spanish support restoring a republican form of government for Spain.〔 In 2010, the budget for the Spanish monarchy was 7.4 million euros, one of the lowest public expenditures for the institution of monarchy in Europe. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 reestablished〔〔According to historian Charles Powell, the term'' reestablished'', rather than ''restored'', was a conscious choice to find a middle ground acceptable by monarchists, who viewed the 1975 monarchy as a restoration, and Franconists who took the view that General Franco had essentially established a ''new'' monarchy apart from the prior historic office.〕 a constitutional monarchy as the form of government for Spain. The 1978 constitution affirmed the role of the King of Spain as the personification and embodiment of the Spanish State and a symbol of Spain's enduring unity and permanence.〔〔 Constitutionally, the king is the head-of-state and commander-in-chief of the Spanish Armed Forces.〔〔Title II, Article 56, Subsection 1〕 The constitution codifies the use of royal styles and titulary, royal prerogatives, hereditary succession to the crown, compensation, and a regency-guardianship contingency in cases of the monarch's minority or incapacitation.〔〔 According to the constitution, the monarch is also instrumental in promoting relations with the "nations of its historical community".〔〔 The King of Spain serves as the president of the Ibero-American States Organization, purportedly representing over 700,000,000 people in twenty-four member nations worldwide. In 2008, Juan Carlos I was considered the most popular leader in all Ibero-America.〔 The Spanish monarchy has its roots in the Visigothic Kingdom founded in Spain and Aquitania〔The Visigothic Kingdom had its early capital in Toulouse, in modern Languedoc, then part of Aquitania〕 in the 5th century, and its Christian successor states which fought the Reconquista following the Umayyad invasion of Hispania in the 8th century. A dynastic marriage between Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon united Spain in the 15th century. The Spanish Empire became one of the first global powers as Isabella and Ferdinand funded Christopher Columbus's exploratory voyage across the Atlantic Ocean. This led to the discovery of America, which became the focus of Spanish colonization. ==History== The monarchy in Spain has its roots in the Visigothic Kingdom and its Christian successor states of Navarra, Asturias (later Leon and Castille) and Aragon, which fought the ''Reconquista'' or Reconquest of the Iberian peninsula following the Umayyad invasion of Hispania in the 8th century. One of the earliest influential dynasties was the House of Jiménez which united much of Christian Iberia under its leadership in the 11th century. From Sancho III of Navarre (r. 1000–1035) until Urraca of León and Castile (r.1106–1125), members of the Jiménez family claimed the historic Visigothic title ''Imperator totius Hispaniae'' or ''Emperor of All Spain''. The Jiménez rulers sought to bring their kingdoms into the European mainstream and often engaged in cross-Pyrenees alliances and marriages, and became patrons to Cluniac Reforms (c. 950–c.1130). Urraca's son and heir Alfonso VII of León and Castile, the first of the Spanish branch of the Burgundy Family, was the last to claim the imperial title ''of Spain'', but divided his empire among his sons. The Castilian Civil War (1366 to 1369) ended with the death of King Peter (r. 1334–1369) at the hands of his illegitimate half-brother Henry, 1st Count of Trastámara who ruled as Henry II (r. 1369–1379). Henry II became the first of the House of Trastámara to rule over a Spanish kingdom. King Peter's heiress, his granddaughter Catherine of Lancaster, married Henry III, reuniting the dynasties in the person of their son, King John II. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monarchy of Spain」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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